Honduras, like all other countries that were Spanish colonies, used the shields (coat-of-arms) of Spain, but once the country became independent, these shields were no longer necessary.
The government established the Pine tree as a national symbol through accord # 429 emitted in Tegucigalpa on May 14, 1926. This accord was designed to establish protective measures to conserve and improve the existing resources throughout the country. The pine tree (pinus oocarpa or pino ocote) exemplifies the national flora, and it is considered to be one of the resources known to Hondurans throughout the nation since it is abundant and its products are used in many ways. The protection given to natural resources in general and particularly to pine trees, represents a necessary conservation measure that will foster civic pride amongst all Hondurans.
El Banana Industry in
Bananas were introduced to
This conversion of the north coast into a virtual North American colony was led by three companies: United Fruit (now Chiquita), Cuyamel and Standard Fruit (now Dole). Some land was actually purchased by the companies, but much more was awarded to them by the government in massive concessions, in return for railroad construction and jobs. Additionally the companies had no compunctions about paying bribes and even fomenting the occasional revolution to keep government officials in line. By the second decade of the 20th century, the banana companies held almost one million acres of the countries most fertile lands, were making huge profits and unabashedly manipulated government officials to maintain the status quo.
Departments
During the first millennium, Honduras was inhabited by the Maya. Columbus explored the country in 1502. Honduras, with four other Central American nations, declared its independence from Spain in 1821 to form a federation of Central American states. In 1838, Honduras left the federation and became independent. Political unrest rocked Honduras in the early 1900s, resulting in an occupation by U.S. Marines. Dictator Gen. Tiburcio Carias Andino established a strong government in 1932.
In 1969, El Salvador invaded Honduras after Honduran landowners deported several thousand Salvadorans. Five thousand people ultimately died in what is called "the football war," because it broke out during a soccer game between the two countries. By threatening economic sanctions and military intervention, the Organization of American States (OAS) induced El Salvador to withdraw. After a decade of military rule, parliamentary democracy returned with the election of Roberto Suazo Córdova as president in 1982. However, Honduras faced severe economic problems and tensions along its border with Nicaragua. "Contra" rebels, waging a guerrilla war against the Sandinista regime in Nicaragua, used Honduras as a training and staging area. The U.S. also used Honduras for military exercises and built bases to train Honduran and Salvadoran troops.
In 1997, Carlos Flores Facussé of the Liberal Party was elected president. He began to reform the economy and modernize the government. In recent years, Honduras has faced high unemployment, inflation, and economic over-dependence on coffee and bananas. In Oct. 1998, Hurricane Mitch killed some 13,000 Hondurans, left 2 million homeless, and caused more than $5 billion in damage.
In 2002, Ricardo Maduro became president, promising to lessen crime and corruption, but his hardline efforts, growing increasingly more repressive, have not improved these problems.
